org.apache.turbine.services.security

## Class DefaultSecurityService

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.turbine.services.BaseInitable
  - - org.apache.turbine.services.BaseService
    - - org.apache.turbine.services.TurbineBaseService
      - - org.apache.turbine.services.security.DefaultSecurityService

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Initable, SecurityService, Service

      public class DefaultSecurityService
      extends TurbineBaseService
      implements SecurityService

  This is a common subset of SecurityService implementation. Provided functionality includes:
  - methods for retrieving User objects, that delegates functionality to the pluggable implementations of the User interface.
  - synchronization mechanism for methods reading/modifying the security information, that guarantees that multiple threads may read the information concurrently, but threads that modify the information acquires exclusive access.
  - implementation of convenience methods for retrieving security entities that maintain in-memory caching of objects for fast access.
  Version:
    $Id: DefaultSecurityService.java 1821872 2018-01-22 14:35:04Z gk $
  Author:
    Rafal Krzewski, Henning P. Schmiedehausen, Marco Knüttel, Quinton McCombs

- - ### Field Summary

    - ### Fields inherited from class org.apache.turbine.services.BaseService

      `configuration, name, serviceBroker`

    - ### Fields inherited from class org.apache.turbine.services.BaseInitable

      `initableBroker, isInitialized`

    - ### Fields inherited from interface org.apache.turbine.services.security.SecurityService

      `SERVICE_NAME, USER_MANAGER_DEFAULT, USER_MANAGER_KEY, USER_WRAPPER_DEFAULT, USER_WRAPPER_KEY`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `DefaultSecurityService()`

  - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `boolean` | `accountExists(String userName)` Check whether a specified user's account exists.
    `boolean` | `accountExists(User user)` Check whether a specified user's account exists.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `addGroup(G group)` Creates a new group with specified attributes.
    `<P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P` | `addPermission(P permission)` Creates a new permission with specified attributes.
    `<R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R` | `addRole(R role)` Creates a new role with specified attributes.
    `void` | `addUser(User user, String password)` Creates new user account with specified attributes.
    `void` | `changePassword(User user, String oldPassword, String newPassword)` Change the password for an User.
    `void` | `forcePassword(User user, String password)` Forcibly sets new password for an User.
    `<A extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.acl.AccessControlList> A` | `getACL(User user)` Constructs an AccessControlList for a specific user.
    `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.GroupSet` | `getAllGroups()` Retrieves all groups defined in the system.
    `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PermissionSet` | `getAllPermissions()` Retrieves all permissions defined in the system.
    `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.RoleSet` | `getAllRoles()` Retrieves all roles defined in the system.
    `<U extends User> U` | `getAnonymousUser()` Constructs an User object to represent an anonymous user of the application.
    `<U extends User> U` | `getAuthenticatedUser(String username, String password)` Authenticates an user, and constructs an User object to represent him/her.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `getGlobalGroup()` Provides a reference to the Group object that represents the global group.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `getGroupById(int id)` Retrieve a Group object with specified Id.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `getGroupByName(String name)` Retrieve a Group object with specified name.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `getGroupInstance()` Construct a blank Group object.
    `<G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G` | `getGroupInstance(String groupName)` Construct a blank Group object.
    `<P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P` | `getPermissionById(int id)` Retrieve a Permission object with specified Id.
    `<P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P` | `getPermissionByName(String name)` Retrieve a Permission object with specified name.
    `<P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P` | `getPermissionInstance()` Construct a blank Permission object.
    `<P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P` | `getPermissionInstance(String permName)` Construct a blank Permission object.
    `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PermissionSet` | `getPermissions(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)` Retrieves all permissions associated with a role.
    `<R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R` | `getRoleById(int id)` Retrieve a Role object with specified Id.
    `<R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R` | `getRoleByName(String name)` Retrieve a Role object with specified name.
    `<R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R` | `getRoleInstance()` Construct a blank Role object.
    `<R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R` | `getRoleInstance(String roleName)` Construct a blank Role object.
    `<U extends User> U` | `getUser(String username)` Constructs an User object to represent a registered user of the application.
    `<U extends User> U` | `getUserInstance()` Construct a blank User object.
    `<U extends User> U` | `getUserInstance(String userName)` Construct a blank User object.
    `UserManager` | `getUserManager()` Returns the configured UserManager.
    `void` | `grant(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)` Grants a Role a Permission
    `void` | `grant(User user, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)` Grant an User a Role in a Group.
    `void` | `init()` Initializes the SecurityService, locating the appropriate UserManager This is a zero parameter variant which queries the Turbine Servlet for its config.
    `boolean` | `isAnonymousUser(User user)` Checks whether a passed user object matches the anonymous user pattern according to the configured user manager
    `protected void` | `lockExclusive()` Acquire an exclusive lock on the security information repository.
    `protected void` | `lockShared()` Acquire a shared lock on the security information repository.
    `void` | `removeGroup(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group)` Removes a Group from the system.
    `void` | `removePermission(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)` Removes a Permission from the system.
    `void` | `removeRole(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)` Removes a Role from the system.
    `void` | `removeUser(User user)` Removes an user account from the system.
    `void` | `renameGroup(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group, String name)` Renames an existing Group.
    `void` | `renamePermission(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission, String name)` Renames an existing Permission.
    `void` | `renameRole(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role, String name)` Renames an existing Role.
    `void` | `replaceRole(User user, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role newRole)` Replaces transactionally the first role with second role for the given user.
    `void` | `revoke(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)` Revokes a Permission from a Role.
    `void` | `revoke(User user, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group, org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)` Revoke a Role in a Group from an User.
    `void` | `revokeAll(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)` Revokes all permissions from a Role.
    `void` | `revokeAll(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role, boolean cascadeDelete)` Revokes by default all permissions from a Role and if flag is set all group and user relationships with this role This method is used when deleting a Role.
    `void` | `revokeAll(User user)` Revokes all roles from an User.
    `void` | `saveOnSessionUnbind(User user)` Saves User data when the session is unbound.
    `void` | `saveUser(User user)` Saves User's data in the permanent storage.
    `protected void` | `unlockExclusive()` Release an exclusive lock on the security information repository.
    `protected void` | `unlockShared()` Release a shared lock on the security information repository.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.turbine.services.TurbineBaseService

      `init, init, shutdown`

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.turbine.services.BaseService

      `getConfiguration, getName, getProperties, getServiceBroker, setName, setServiceBroker`

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.turbine.services.BaseInitable

      `getInit, getInitableBroker, setInit, setInitableBroker`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

    - ### Methods inherited from interface org.apache.turbine.services.Service

      `getConfiguration, getName, getProperties, setName, setServiceBroker`

    - ### Methods inherited from interface org.apache.turbine.services.Initable

      `getInit, init, setInitableBroker, shutdown`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### DefaultSecurityService

          public DefaultSecurityService()

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### init

          public void init()
                    throws InitializationException

      Initializes the SecurityService, locating the appropriate UserManager This is a zero parameter variant which queries the Turbine Servlet for its config.
      Specified by:
        `init` in interface `Initable`
      Overrides:
        `init` in class `TurbineBaseService`
      Throws:
        `InitializationException` - Something went wrong in the init stage

    - #### getUserInstance

          public <U extends User> U getUserInstance()
                                         throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank User object.
      Specified by:
        `getUserInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        an object implementing User interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getUserInstance

          public <U extends User> U getUserInstance(String userName)
                                         throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank User object.
      Specified by:
        `getUserInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `userName` - The name of the user.
      Returns:
        an object implementing User interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getGroupInstance

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G getGroupInstance()
                                                                              throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Group object.
      Specified by:
        `getGroupInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        an object implementing Group interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getGroupInstance

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G getGroupInstance(String groupName)
                                                                              throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Group object.
      Specified by:
        `getGroupInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `groupName` - The name of the Group
      Returns:
        an object implementing Group interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getPermissionInstance

          public <P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P getPermissionInstance()
                                                                                        throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Permission object.
      Specified by:
        `getPermissionInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        an object implementing Permission interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getPermissionInstance

          public <P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P getPermissionInstance(String permName)
                                                                                        throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Permission object.
      Specified by:
        `getPermissionInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `permName` - The name of the permission.
      Returns:
        an object implementing Permission interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getRoleInstance

          public <R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R getRoleInstance()
                                                                            throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Role object.
      Specified by:
        `getRoleInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        an object implementing Role interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getRoleInstance

          public <R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R getRoleInstance(String roleName)
                                                                            throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Construct a blank Role object.
      Specified by:
        `getRoleInstance` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `roleName` - The name of the role.
      Returns:
        an object implementing Role interface.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the object could not be instantiated.

    - #### getUserManager

          public UserManager getUserManager()

      Returns the configured UserManager.
      Specified by:
        `getUserManager` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        An UserManager object

    - #### accountExists

          public boolean accountExists(User user)
                                throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Check whether a specified user's account exists. The login name is used for looking up the account.
      Specified by:
        `accountExists` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - The user to be checked.
      Returns:
        true if the specified account exists
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.

    - #### accountExists

          public boolean accountExists(String userName)
                                throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Check whether a specified user's account exists. The login name is used for looking up the account.
      Specified by:
        `accountExists` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `userName` - The name of the user to be checked.
      Returns:
        true if the specified account exists
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.

    - #### getAuthenticatedUser

          public <U extends User> U getAuthenticatedUser(String username,
                                                String password)
                                              throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                     org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                                                     org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PasswordMismatchException

      Authenticates an user, and constructs an User object to represent him/her.
      Specified by:
        `getAuthenticatedUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `username` - The user name.
        `password` - The user password.
      Returns:
        An authenticated Turbine User.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PasswordMismatchException` - if the supplied password was incorrect.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's account does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### getUser

          public <U extends User> U getUser(String username)
                                 throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                        org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Constructs an User object to represent a registered user of the application.
      Specified by:
        `getUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `username` - The user name.
      Returns:
        A Turbine User.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's account does not exist
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### getAnonymousUser

          public <U extends User> U getAnonymousUser()
                                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Constructs an User object to represent an anonymous user of the application.
      Specified by:
        `getAnonymousUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        An anonymous Turbine User.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the implementation of User interface could not be determined, or does not exist.

    - #### isAnonymousUser

          public boolean isAnonymousUser(User user)

      Checks whether a passed user object matches the anonymous user pattern according to the configured user manager
      Specified by:
        `isAnonymousUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - An user object
      Returns:
        True if this is an anonymous user

    - #### saveUser

          public void saveUser(User user)
                        throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                               org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Saves User's data in the permanent storage. The user account is required to exist in the storage.
      Specified by:
        `saveUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the User object to save
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's account does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### saveOnSessionUnbind

          public void saveOnSessionUnbind(User user)
                                   throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                                          org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Saves User data when the session is unbound. The user account is required to exist in the storage. LastLogin, AccessCounter, persistent pull tools, and any data stored in the permData hashmap that is not mapped to a column will be saved.
      Specified by:
        `saveOnSessionUnbind` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the user object
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's account does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### addUser

          public void addUser(User user,
                     String password)
                       throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                              org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                              org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException

      Creates new user account with specified attributes.
      Specified by:
        `addUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the object describing account to be created.
        `password` - The password to use for the account.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException` - if the user account already exists.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the provided user does not exist (is null)

    - #### removeUser

          public void removeUser(User user)
                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                 org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Removes an user account from the system.
      Specified by:
        `removeUser` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the object describing the account to be removed.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user account is not present.

    - #### changePassword

          public void changePassword(User user,
                            String oldPassword,
                            String newPassword)
                              throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PasswordMismatchException,
                                     org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                                     org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Change the password for an User.
      Specified by:
        `changePassword` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - an User to change password for.
        `oldPassword` - the current password supplied by the user.
        `newPassword` - the current password requested by the user.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PasswordMismatchException` - if the supplied password was incorrect.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's record does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### forcePassword

          public void forcePassword(User user,
                           String password)
                             throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException,
                                    org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Forcibly sets new password for an User. This is supposed by the administrator to change the forgotten or compromised passwords. Certain implementatations of this feature would require administrative level access to the authenticating server / program.
      Specified by:
        `forcePassword` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - an User to change password for.
        `password` - the new password.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the user's record does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### lockShared

          protected void lockShared()

      Acquire a shared lock on the security information repository. Methods that read security information need to invoke this method at the beginning of their body.

    - #### unlockShared

          protected void unlockShared()

      Release a shared lock on the security information repository. Methods that read security information need to invoke this method at the end of their body.

    - #### lockExclusive

          protected void lockExclusive()

      Acquire an exclusive lock on the security information repository. Methods that modify security information need to invoke this method at the beginning of their body. Note! Those methods must be `synchronized` themselves!

    - #### unlockExclusive

          protected void unlockExclusive()

      Release an exclusive lock on the security information repository. This method is provided only for completeness. It does not really do anything. Note! Methods that modify security information must be `synchronized`!

    - #### getGlobalGroup

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G getGlobalGroup()

      Provides a reference to the Group object that represents the global group.
      Specified by:
        `getGlobalGroup` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        a Group object that represents the global group.

    - #### getGroupByName

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G getGroupByName(String name)
                                                                            throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                   org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Group object with specified name.
      Specified by:
        `getGroupByName` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the Group.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Group with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the group does not exist.

    - #### getGroupById

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G getGroupById(int id)
                                                                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                 org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Group object with specified Id.
      Specified by:
        `getGroupById` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `id` - the id of the Group.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Group with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### getRoleByName

          public <R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R getRoleByName(String name)
                                                                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                 org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Role object with specified name.
      Specified by:
        `getRoleByName` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the Role.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Role with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the role does not exist.

    - #### getRoleById

          public <R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R getRoleById(int id)
                                                                        throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                               org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Role object with specified Id.
      Specified by:
        `getRoleById` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `id` - the id of the Role.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Role with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### getPermissionByName

          public <P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P getPermissionByName(String name)
                                                                                      throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                             org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Permission object with specified name.
      Specified by:
        `getPermissionByName` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the Permission.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist.

    - #### getPermissionById

          public <P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P getPermissionById(int id)
                                                                                    throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                           org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieve a Permission object with specified Id.
      Specified by:
        `getPermissionById` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `id` - the id of the Permission.
      Returns:
        an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist in the database.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there is a problem accessing the storage.

    - #### getAllGroups

          public org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.GroupSet getAllGroups()
                                                                 throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Retrieves all groups defined in the system.
      Specified by:
        `getAllGroups` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        the names of all groups defined in the system.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.

    - #### getAllRoles

          public org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.RoleSet getAllRoles()
                                                               throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Retrieves all roles defined in the system.
      Specified by:
        `getAllRoles` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        the names of all roles defined in the system.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.

    - #### getAllPermissions

          public org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PermissionSet getAllPermissions()
                                                                           throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException

      Retrieves all permissions defined in the system.
      Specified by:
        `getAllPermissions` in interface `SecurityService`
      Returns:
        the names of all roles defined in the system.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.

    - #### getACL

          public <A extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.acl.AccessControlList> A getACL(User user)
                                                                             throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                    org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Constructs an AccessControlList for a specific user.
      Specified by:
        `getACL` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the user for whom the AccessControlList are to be retrieved
      Returns:
        The AccessControList object constructed from the user object.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if user account is not present.

    - #### grant

          public void grant(User user,
                   org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group,
                   org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)
                     throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                            org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Grant an User a Role in a Group.
      Specified by:
        `grant` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the user.
        `group` - the group.
        `role` - the role.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if user account, group or role is not present.

    - #### revoke

          public void revoke(User user,
                    org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group,
                    org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)
                      throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                             org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Revoke a Role in a Group from an User.
      Specified by:
        `revoke` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the user.
        `group` - the group.
        `role` - the role.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if user account, group or role is not present.

    - #### replaceRole

          public void replaceRole(User user,
                         org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role,
                         org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role newRole)
                           throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                  org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Replaces transactionally the first role with second role for the given user.
      Specified by:
        `replaceRole` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the user.
        `role` - the old role
        `newRole` - the new role
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException`
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException`

    - #### revokeAll

          public void revokeAll(User user)
                         throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Revokes all roles from an User. This method is used when deleting an account.
      Specified by:
        `revokeAll` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `user` - the User.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the account is not present.

    - #### grant

          public void grant(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role,
                   org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)
                     throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                            org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Grants a Role a Permission
      Specified by:
        `grant` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the Role.
        `permission` - the Permission.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if role or permission is not present.

    - #### revoke

          public void revoke(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role,
                    org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)
                      throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                             org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Revokes a Permission from a Role.
      Specified by:
        `revoke` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the Role.
        `permission` - the Permission.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if role or permission is not present.

    - #### revokeAll

          public void revokeAll(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)
                         throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Revokes all permissions from a Role. This method is used when deleting a Role.
      Specified by:
        `revokeAll` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the Role
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the Role is not present.

    - #### revokeAll

          public void revokeAll(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role,
                       boolean cascadeDelete)
                         throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Revokes by default all permissions from a Role and if flag is set all group and user relationships with this role This method is used when deleting a Role.
      Specified by:
        `revokeAll` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the Role
        `cascadeDelete` - if `true` removes all groups and user for this role.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the Role is not present.

    - #### getPermissions

          public org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.PermissionSet getPermissions(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)
                                                                        throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                               org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Retrieves all permissions associated with a role.
      Specified by:
        `getPermissions` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the role name, for which the permissions are to be retrieved.
      Returns:
        the Permissions for the specified role
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the role is not present.

    - #### addGroup

          public <G extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group> G addGroup(G group)
                                                                      throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                             org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException

      Creates a new group with specified attributes.
      Specified by:
        `addGroup` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `group` - the object describing the group to be created.
      Returns:
        the new Group object.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException` - if the group already exists.

    - #### addRole

          public <R extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role> R addRole(R role)
                                                                    throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                           org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException

      Creates a new role with specified attributes.
      Specified by:
        `addRole` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - the objects describing the role to be created.
      Returns:
        the new Role object.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException` - if the role already exists.

    - #### addPermission

          public <P extends org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission> P addPermission(P permission)
                                                                                throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                                                                       org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException

      Creates a new permission with specified attributes.
      Specified by:
        `addPermission` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `permission` - the objects describing the permission to be created.
      Returns:
        the new Permission object.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.EntityExistsException` - if the permission already exists.

    - #### removeGroup

          public void removeGroup(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group)
                           throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                  org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Removes a Group from the system.
      Specified by:
        `removeGroup` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `group` - the object describing group to be removed.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the group does not exist.

    - #### removeRole

          public void removeRole(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role)
                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                 org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Removes a Role from the system.
      Specified by:
        `removeRole` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - The object describing the role to be removed.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the role does not exist.

    - #### removePermission

          public void removePermission(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission)
                                throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                       org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Removes a Permission from the system.
      Specified by:
        `removePermission` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `permission` - The object describing the permission to be removed.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist.

    - #### renameGroup

          public void renameGroup(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Group group,
                         String name)
                           throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                  org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Renames an existing Group.
      Specified by:
        `renameGroup` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `group` - The object describing the group to be renamed.
        `name` - the new name for the group.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the group does not exist.

    - #### renameRole

          public void renameRole(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Role role,
                        String name)
                          throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                 org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Renames an existing Role.
      Specified by:
        `renameRole` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `role` - The object describing the role to be renamed.
        `name` - the new name for the role.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the role does not exist.

    - #### renamePermission

          public void renamePermission(org.apache.fulcrum.security.entity.Permission permission,
                              String name)
                                throws org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException,
                                       org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException

      Renames an existing Permission.
      Specified by:
        `renamePermission` in interface `SecurityService`
      Parameters:
        `permission` - The object describing the permission to be renamed.
        `name` - the new name for the permission.
      Throws:
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.DataBackendException` - if there was an error accessing the data backend.
        `org.apache.fulcrum.security.util.UnknownEntityException` - if the permission does not exist.

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